-> A protocol is a set of rules that govern (manages) data communications.
-> Protocols defines methods of communication, how to communicate, when to communicate etc.
-> A protocol is an agreement between the communicating parties on how communication is to proceed.
-> Important elements of protocols are
1. Syntax 2. Semantics 3. Timing
Syntax: Syntax means format of data or the structure how it is presented. Like First eight bits are for sender address, next eight bits are for receiver address and rest of the bits for message data.
Semantics: Semantics is the meaning of each section of bits e.g. the address bit means the route of transmission or final destination of message.
Timing: Timing means at what time data can be sent and how fast data can be sent.
-> Some protocols also support message acknowledgement and data compression designed for reliable and/or high-performance network communication.
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